Christmas in Chicago History: Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer

Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer has been a staple of Christmas in Chicago since 1939. The story of a outcast young reindeer and his odd red nose is known and loved by millions.

What’s less known is that Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer was created at the legendary Chicago retailer Montgomery Ward. You can discover this and more Chicago-based holiday traditions on our annual Virtual Holiday Stories Happy Hour.

We research stories from Chicago history, architecture and culture like this while developing our live virtual tours, in-person private tours, and custom content for corporate events. You can join us to experience Chicago’s stories in-person or online. We can also create custom tours and original content about this Chicago topic and countless others.

Montgomery Ward and Chicago Retail

rudolph the red nosed reindeer montgomery ward christmas in chicago michigan ave busy beehive
The Montgomery Ward building on Michigan Avenue was once the tallest in Chicago (Wikimedia)

Montgomery Ward was one of the giants of Chicago’s retail industry. In the 1930’s, the company expanded beyond its initial mail order business. It built hundreds of department stores all across the country. Of course, Ward’s found it hard to break into department store retail, especially in cities with established shopping districts like Chicago’s State Street.

Montgomery Ward offered special promotions in order to stand out from crosstown rivals like Sears and Marshall Field’s during the shopping that accompanies Christmas in Chicago. They gave out free coloring books to children for several year’s in the 30’s. The giveaways proved popular, but the store lost money on each book.

A copywriter named Robert L. May was commissioned to create a new children’s book for the store to pass out. The company hoped that creating their own book would save money and give them a unique character for promotions. That book would become the world-famous Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer.

Rudloph the red nosed reindeer montgomery ward book 1939 Christmas in chicago
The original book cover for Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer (Wikimedia)

Creating Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer

May drew upon existing children’s stories and Christmas folklore, along with his own memories and feelings when creating Rudolph. In a later interview May said “I’d always been the smallest in the class. Frail, poorly coordinated, I was never asked to join the school teams.”

May took those memories of ostracization and adapted it into a story inspired by The Ugly Duckling. He also drew upon the wildly popular poem “‘Twas The Night Before Christmas.” It provided the rhyming meter used in Rudolph and helped May decide upon using a reindeer in his story.

May’s four-year-old daughter, Barabara, was also part of his inspiration. She loved going to the Lincoln Park Zoo, where the deer and reindeer were her favorites. His daughter’s infatuation made May certain that kids would identify with Rudolph. He even tested out the rhymes on her before publishing.

Montgomery Ward initially did not like the idea of Rudolph having a red nose. Red noses are a historical indication of drunkenness. Understandably, Ward’s executives did not want their new holiday mascot associated with winos. The lively illustrations by artist Denver Gillen wound up convincing the executives in the end.

Amusingly, a recent scholarly paper affirmed that Rudolph’s famous red nose is ideal for guidance on a foggy night. Red light carries further in refractive light, as Santa might encounter on foggy Christmas nights. Pretty astute decision-making by the big guy in red!

A Holiday Tradition is Born

Before publication, the president of Montgomery Ward hoped that the book would bring “a tremendous amount of Christmas traffic.” The book went far beyond that and became a staple of Christmas in Chicago. The store published and distributed 2.4 million copies of Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer in 1939. Further publication was impossible because of war-time limitations on paper.

After World War II ended, May asked for the rights to the story he’d created. Inspired by either goodwill or short-sightedness (I’d guess the latter), the company signed over Rudolph. May had new editions printed, which unexpectedly sold millions more copies.

In 1949, May asked with his brother-in-law, the songwriter Johnny Marks, to turn the story into a song. Bing Crosby famously declined to perform it. Into the breach stepped the “singing cowboy” Gene Autry. That version of the song would hit #1 on the charts and eventually sell 25 million copies. It’s still one of the best-selling songs of all time!

Rudolph and the Magic of Christmas in Chicago

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The magic of Christmas in Chicago is that it’s both commercial and personal.

The book and song made Rudolph into a permanent part of Christmas in Chicago. I can distinctly remember participating in a massive call-and-response version of the song that involved every student in my school. Each grade had its own verse, with the unruly kids belting out the unofficial bits (“LIKE A LIGHTBULB!”). That memory has never faded for me and I’m sure the same is true for countless others.

That’s part of the magic of Christmas in Chicago. As you can discover on our special Virtual Holiday Stories Happy Hour, this whole time of year is built around consumerism. Rudolph is a promotional mascot, Santa is in malls to hawk toys, and Black Friday has eaten into Thanksgiving Day. And you know what? That’s okay.

The holiday season has a crass commercial basis, but that doesn’t negate our feelings. Mothers and daughters bond during Black Friday shopping. Families sing along to carols that pop onto the radio in October. Rudolph the Red-Nosed Reindeer lets a shy little kid know that they’re okay anyway.

That’s real and genuine. It’s what makes the season bright.

-Alex Bean, Content Manager and Tour Guide

ABOUT CHICAGO DETOURS

Chicago Detours is a boutique tour company passionate about connecting people to places and each other through the power of storytelling. We bring curious people to explore, learn and interact with Chicago’s history, architecture and culture through in-person private group tourscontent production, and virtual tours.

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Ellen

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There is no shortage of things to discover in Chicago—I love being an urban explorer and uncovering its hidden places. I have an MA in Public History from Loyola University Chicago, and I have worked as a museum educator and kindergarten teacher. My desire to learn new things fuels my passion for educating others, which I get to experience every day as a Chicago tour guide. I live in the northern neighborhood of Rogers Park.

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Whether you are a first-time visitor or a lifelong resident, the vibrant history and modern majesty of Chicago never ceases to amaze. I’m a graduate of Columbia College with an M.A. in Interdisciplinary Art. I’ve worked for many years as an educator at City Colleges of Chicago. As tour guide at Chicago Detours, I integrate my enthusiasm for culture and architecture with my passion as an educator. West Town/Noble Square area is home for me.

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With our Chicago neighborhoods, vibrant cultural institutions and nearly two centuries of larger-than-life stories, there’s never a dull moment here! I’m a fifth generation Chicagoan and a graduate of Washington University in St. Louis. In addition to guiding tours, I’m a creative writer and amateur genealogist. I also enjoy the city’s dynamic theater scene. You can also read overlooked stories from 19th-century newspapers on my “Second Glance History” blog. I live in River North.

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Chicago is unique as it always evolves into the future while holding on to the past. I’m fascinated by how people latch on to old architecture but happily pave over others. My background is in theater and performance and I’ve been a tour guide here for more than 10 years. Currently I’m finishing my Master’s in Public History at Loyola University because I love to teach the history of this scrappy city. I’m in the Edgewater neighborhood.

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Chicago has so many neighborhoods, buildings, and by-ways that it’s hard to go long without seeing something new, or something familiar from a new angle. I studied Cinema History for my M.A. from the University of Chicago. I’ve worked as a culture writer for various publications and as an educator of the humanities at the City Colleges of Chicago. I’m thrilled to share my love of this city’s busy past and unique architectural spaces with Chicago Detours. I live in the Chicago neighborhood of Lincoln Park.

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I’m an interpreter of personal stories from the past and the city’s landscape. I love to imagine what originally happened inside old unmarked buildings, and what forces have shaped their design. I studied Chicago history, architectural history, and anything Chicago-related through my M.A. in the Humanities at the University of Chicago. My love for stories was enriched by my B.A. in Literature from the University of Michigan. I’ve written travel articles for publications like Rick Steves’ Italy best-selling travel guides, the San Francisco Bay Guardian, and The Chicago Food Encyclopedia. I live in the Chicago neighborhood of West Avondale.
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